Danish and English: Language Policy within the context of Danish Education System
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25726/d9762-5636-7512-kKeywords:
english language, EMI, Danish language, universities, domain loss, internationalization of higher educationAbstract
Purpose of work. The article examines the English medium instruction (EMI) policy within the context of Danish higher education. One question is the importance of a concept of mother tongue education in Denmark. What difficulties Danes, as non-English speakers, have in regard to the use of the English language in higher education and how such challenges can be addressed. Materials and methods. The author analyzes the various positions in the national debate upon the language issue in Denmark, and then examines the attitudes towards these positions among Danes. Results. The results indicate that, the EMI policy seems to have produced, in general, more or less positive outcomes , Danes are usually considered to be highly proficient in English, to the point of being deemed bilingual, and the attitude towards English is generally positive across the nation. However, The increasing use of English in higher education has been the subject of debate in Denmark over the last years. This study sets out the various positions in the national debate in Denmark, and then examines the attitudes towards these positions among Danes. Conclusion. Based on the facts provided, the author concludes that the outcome of the internationalization process in the foreseeable future is not yet clear. Given the recent policy decisions on the language issue, there could be significant changes in the internationalization of Danish higher education.
References
Airey, J. & C. Linder.Language and the experience of learning university physics in Sweden// European Journal of Physics 27: pp. 553-560, 2006.
Airey, J. & C. Linder. Disciplinary learning in a second language: A case study from university physics// R. Wilkinson & V. Zegers (eds.), Researching Content and Language Integration in Higher Education, pp. 161-171. Maastricht: Maastricht University Language Centre, 2007
Araque, F., Roldán, C., & Salguero, A. Factors influencing university drop out rates// Computers & Education, 53(3): pp. 563-574. 2009
Ammon, U., & McConnell, G. English as an academic language in Europe: A survey of its use in teaching. //Bern: Peter Lang.: P.112, 2002
Ammon, U. The international standing of the German language // J. Maurais & M. Morris (eds.), Languages in a Globalising World, 231-249. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 2003
Andrade, M. S. The Effects of English Language Proficiency on Adjustment to University Life// International Multilingual Research Journal, 3(1): pp.16-34., 2009
AU Internationalisation Strategy. Aarhus: Aarhus University. 2014-20.
Baudelot, C. Student Rhetoric in Exams// P. Bourdieu, J.-C. Passeron, & M. d. Saint Martin (Eds.), Academic Discourse: pp. 80-94. Cambridge: Polity, 1994
Benfield, J. & C. Feak. How authors can cope with the burden of English as an international language// Chest 129: pp. 1728-1730. 2006
Belloc, F., Maruotti, A., & Petrella, L. University drop-out: an Italian experience// Higher Education, 60(2): pp. 127-138. 2010
Bianchetti Simone. English in Denmark: Friend or Foe? Use of English, domain loss and perceived bilingualism in an EFL country // Language Works, 5(2), pp 69-87. 2020 стр 5
Bourdieu, P. The Social Structures of the Economy//Cambridge: Polity Press 2005.
Burrough-Boenisch, J. Shapers of published NNS research articles//Journal of Second Language Writing 12: pp. 223- 243, 2003
Byun, K., Chu, H., Kim, M., Park, I., Kim, S., & Jung, J. English-medium teaching in Korean higher education: policy debates and reality.// Higher Education, 62(4): 431-449, 2011
Christensen, M. K. The language of instruction at Danish universities// P. Harder (Ed.), English in Denmark: Language Policy, Internationalization and University Teaching, Vol. 9: 58-67. Copenhagen: Museum Tusulanum Press. University of Copenhagen, 2009
Coleman, J. A. English-medium teaching in European higher education.// Language Teaching, 39(01): 1-14. 2006
Commission, E. 2006. Europeans and their languages. Special Eurobarometer. 2006
Curry, M. & T. Lillis. Multilingual scholars and the imperative to publish in English: negotiating interests, demands and rewards// TESOL Quarterly 38: pp. 663-688, 2004
Denmark increasingly popular among foreign academics// Study in Denmark, Danish Agency for Higher Education and Science. 2021 https://studyindenmark.dk/news/denmark-an-increasingly-popularstudy-destination
EF_EPI. EF English Proficiency Index. London: Education First 2014
Flowerdew, J. Discourse community, legitimate peripheral participation, and the nonnativeEnglish speaking scholar// TESOL Quarterly 34: pp. 127- 150, 2000.
Grant, Peter R. & John G. Holmes. 1981. The Integration of Implicit Personality Theory Schemas and Stereotype Images.// Social Psychology Quarterly 44/2. Pp. 107-115. 1981
Ginsburgh, V., & Weber, S. How many languages do we need? The economics of linguistic diversity. Princeton: Princeton University Press.2011
Gottlieb, H. Parallelism or convergence? The English influence on Danish // P. Harder (Ed.), English in Denmark: Language Policy, Internationalization and University Teaching, Vol. 9: pp. 68-94. Copenhagen: Museum Tusulanum Press. University of Copenhagen. 2009
Jensen Christian; Thøgersen, Jacob Danish University lecturers' attitudes towards English as the medium of instruction// Asociación Europea de Lenguas para Fines Específicos, Ibérica, núm. 22, pp. 13-33, Cádiz, España, 2001 2
Jensen, C., Denver, L., Mees, I.M. and Werther C. Students’ attitudes to lecturers’ English in English medium higher education in Denmark.// Nordic Journal of English Studies, 12(1), pp.87–112, 2013 1
Kang, H.-S. English-only instruction at Korean universities: Help or hindrance to higher learning? //English Today, 28(01): pp. 29-34. 2012
Klarissa Lueg. English as a medium of instruction and internationalization at Danish universities:
Knight, G., Madsen, T. K., & Servais, P. An inquiry into born-global firms in Europe and the USA//. International Marketing Review, 21(6): 645-665). 2004
KU. 2013. Københavns Universitets kursuskatalog In K. Universitet (Ed.). København. 2013
LACS. 2013. Lecturing in English, AAU Language and Communication Service. Aalborg: Aalborg University 2013
Larsen, F. More than Loan-words: English influence on Danish.// RASK – International journal of Language and Communication(1), pp 21-46, 1994
Li Y. A doctoral student of Physics writing for publication; a socio-politically-oriented case study// English for Specific Purposes 25: pp.456-478, 2006.
Macaro, E., Curle, S., Pun, J., An, J., & Dearden, J. A systematic review of English medium instruction in higher education.// Language Teaching, 51(1), 36-76. 2018
Mendieta, E., R. Phillipson & T. Skuttnabb-Kangas //English in the geopolitics of knowledge”. Revista Canaria de Estudios Ingleses 53: pp. 15-26, 2006
Myklebust.Jan Petter. Pact on international students may reduce numbers by 25%//University World News, 02 July 2021. https://www.universityworldnews.com/post.php?story=20210701094809402
Nicola Galloway. How effective is English as a medium of instruction (EMI)?//British Council. 14 September 2017. https://www.britishcouncil.org/voices-magazine/how-effective-english-medium-instructionemi
Park, J.-K. ‘English fever’ in South Korea: its history and symptoms// English Today, 25(01): pp. 50-57, 2009
Prieur, A., & Savage, M. Updating cultural capital theory: A discussion based on studies in Denmark and in Britain.// Poetics, 39(6): pp. 566-580, 2011
Sano H. The world’s lingua franca of science//. English Today 18: 45-49. 2002
Sprogudvalget. Sprog til tiden// Rapport fra sprogudvalget. Kopenhagen: Kulturministeriet,2008
Status, perspectives, and implications for higher education executives// Communication & Language at Work, pp. 53-73, № . 4 | May 2015
Taillefer, G. The professional language needs of economics graduates: Assessment and perspectives in the French context.// English for Specific Purposes, 26(2): 135-155. 2007
Tange, H., & Lauring, J. Language management and social interaction within the multilingual workplace. // Journal of Communication Management, 13(3): 218- 232.). 2009
Tardy, C. The role of English in scientific communication: lingua franca or tyrannosaurus rex?”// Journal of English for Academic Purposes 3: pp. 247–269, 2004
Undervisningsvejledningfor folkeskolen-Udkast//Folkeskolens Læseplansudvalg, København 1974.
Vinke, A.A., J. Snippe & W. Jochems . English-medium content courses in non-English higher education: a study of lecturer experiences and teaching behaviours// Teaching in Higher Education 3: pp. 383-394, 1998
Wächter, B., & Maiworm, F. English-Taught Programmes in European Higher Education. The Picture in 2007. //Lemmens. Bonn 2008.
Why study in Denmark?// Study in Denmark, Danish Agency for Higher Education and Science.2021 https://studyindenmark.dk/why-denmark/excellence-in-education-1/study-in-english