Manuscript preparation
Manuscripts are submitted in Russian or English as editable DOCX files. Use Times New Roman, 14 pt, 1.5 line spacing, 20 mm margins and a 1.25 cm first-line indent; tables may use 12 pt type. Number the pages. The indicative length is 20,000–40,000 characters excluding spaces for a research article and up to 53,000 characters including spaces for a review. Justified departures may be agreed with the editors; scholarly completeness and clarity take priority.
The title file provides in both Russian and English: the full article title; every author’s full family name, given name and patronymic where applicable; the full name and postal address of each affiliation relevant to the work; the abstract, keywords, funding statement and reference list. English author names are written in full rather than reduced to initials; no patronymic is invented where none exists. Each author must be unambiguously linked to their organisations. Also provide the corresponding author’s professional email and any valid researcher identifiers, such as ORCID (https://orcid.org).
The abstract, 100–250 words, summarises the subject, objective, methods, principal results and conclusions. Supply 6–8 informative keywords or phrases. Russian and English metadata must convey the same content and undergo language checking; unchecked automatic translation is insufficient.
Every article includes a funding statement: the full name of each funding source, the project or grant number where available, and the funder’s role in the study and publication. Authors explicitly state when no specific funding was received. A missing field must not be converted automatically into a no-funding declaration. Separately disclose author contributions, competing interests or their absence, data availability, any required ethics approval and material use of AI. CRediT may be used to describe contributions (https://credit.niso.org).
Research articles clearly distinguish the research problem and literature background, materials and methods, results, discussion, limitations and conclusions. The structure may suit the discipline; reviews explain how sources were searched for, selected and analysed. Claims are supported by verifiable evidence and appropriate references. Supplementary materials are identified and linked to the text.
Tables are editable and equations use an equation editor. Figures are numbered and include captions and sources. Raster images have sufficient resolution for publication, normally at least 300 dpi at final size. Graphs include accessible underlying values where possible. Borrowed material is attributed and supported by right-holder permission where needed. Manipulations of images or data that distort results are prohibited.
The bibliography includes every cited work, and in-text citations match its entries. The Russian bibliography follows GOST R 7.0.5–2008 (https://docs.cntd.ru/document/1200063713). The English References section follows APA, 7th edition (https://apastyle.apa.org); examples are available from APA (https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/examples). Both lists represent the same sources; names and titles follow the relevant style while enabling the original to be found. Research articles commonly need 15–30 relevant references; reviews require broader coverage. Reference counts alone do not determine quality.
Include genuine DOIs and other persistent identifiers where available; online resources have accurate URLs and access dates where the style requires them. Do not invent identifiers, links or missing bibliographic details. Self-citation is permitted where relevant; citations to the journal, its editors or reviewers are never compulsory. Authors check all metadata and references before final approval.
