Speech therapy work on the development of the lexical structure of speech in older preschool children with level III general speech underdevelopment

Abstract

The article deals with the problem of developing the lexical structure of speech in older preschool children with level III general speech underdevelopment (GSU). The results of an experimental study conducted in a combined-type preschool educational institution are presented; the sample consisted of five children of a senior group aged 5-6 years. At the ascertaining stage of the experiment, using I.A. Smirnova’s diagnostic methodology, typological disorders of the lexical structure of speech were identified: limited vocabulary, inaccurate word usage, insufficient formation of semantic fields, and difficulties in vocabulary actualization; the vocabulary of prepositions and the vocabulary of synonyms proved to be the most deficient. The content of the formative stage of the experiment is described – a system of speech therapy sessions built in three stages on the basis of lexical topics and aimed at enriching the nominative, verbal and attributive vocabulary, as well as developing the vocabulary of synonyms and antonyms. The control assessment showed positive dynamics in most components of the lexical structure of speech, with the greatest increase in the nominative vocabulary and the vocabulary of synonyms. The obtained data indicate the effectiveness of the proposed system of speech therapy work and can be used by speech therapists of preschool educational organizations and by students of defectology training programmes.