Didactic interpretation of the unity of teaching and upbringing in M. N. Skatkin’s legacy and modern approaches to the educational potential of the lesson

Abstract

The article is devoted to understanding M.N. Skatkin’s didactic ideas about the inseparability of teaching and upbringing through the prism of current requirements for forming patriotic and civic attitudes and traditional Russian values in the lesson. The theoretical framework consists of the cultural concept of educational content (V.V. Kraevsky, I.Ya. Lerner, M.N. Skatkin), modern studies of the educational function of classroom activity and the regulatory guidelines of the Federal State Educational Standard. The aim of the work is to identify the didactic mechanisms for implementing the educational potential of the lesson in the aspect of civic and patriotic education and to systematize them scientifically on the basis of a historical and pedagogical analysis of M.N. Skatkin’s legacy and an empirical study of school practice. The methodological basis includes historical-genetic, comparative-pedagogical and content-analytical methods; the empirical part is based on a teacher survey and expert analysis of working education programs. It is established that M.N. Skatkin’s conceptual provisions on the experience of emotional and value-based relations as an independent component of educational content form the theoretical foundation for designing an educational lesson under updated standards. The key didactic conditions for integrating the value component into classroom activity are identified: axiological saturation of educational material, dialogical methods, problem situations of moral choice and interdisciplinary coordination. The discrepancy between regulatory guidelines and real practice is shown: only 34% of the surveyed teachers systematically plan patriotic educational tasks when preparing for a lesson. The results can be used in developing methodological recommendations, advanced training programs and tools for assessing the educational effect of the lesson.