The ratio of the levels of the language system in languages of various types

Abstract

The article discusses the problem of the correlation of the levels of the language system in different types of languages. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to identify universal patterns of linguistic structure and typological features of the languages of the world. The purpose of the work is to conduct a multidimensional analysis of the interaction of phonological, morphological, syntactic and semantic levels in languages of different systems. Typological analysis, comparative method, and corpus research were used as methods. The empirical base consists of data from 50 languages belonging to different language families and types. The results showed that the degree of autonomy of language levels varies depending on the typological parameters of the language. A correlation was found between the index of synthetics and the strength of inter-level connections (r=0.78; p<0.01). It has been established that in analytical languages there is a clearer differentiation of units of different levels, whereas in synthetic languages the hierarchy of levels is characterized by greater permeability. The data obtained have theoretical significance for general linguistics and linguistic typology, and can also find practical application in comparative studies and translation studies. The prospects for further research are related to the expansion of the language sample and the use of experimental methods for analyzing inter-level interaction.