Comparative analysis of appeals in Chinese and Russian

Abstract

The present study provides a comparative analysis of the systems of addresses in Chinese and Russian as linguistic and cultural phenomena. The object of the study is the lexical and pragmatic features of appeals, the subject of the patterns of influence of socio-cultural factors on their functioning. The methodology is based on comparative analysis using linguocultural and pragmalinguistic approaches. The results confirm the hypothesis of a fundamental difference between functional dominants: the Chinese system codifies social stratification through detailed related terms and status-job constructions, reflecting the Confucian traditions of hierarchy; the Russian system focuses on the dynamics of interpersonal distance through the variability of nominal forms and the choice of pronouns. The scientific novelty lies in the identification of areas of communicative risk. The practical significance covers the areas of teaching Russian/Chinese, translation, and intercultural training.