The formation of the music education system in China in the second half of the 20th - early 21st century

Abstract

The article provides a historical and pedagogical analysis of the formation of the music education system in China in the second half of the 20th - early 21st century, revealing the determining role of state policy in its systemogenesis. Based on the methodology of the systems approach and critical study of regulatory documents, three key stages of evolution are reconstructed: the formation of basic institutions and principles in the 1950s-1970s under the influence of the Soviet model with an emphasis on mass character and ideological education; deep transformation of the 1980s-1990s in the context of the Reform and Openness policy, characterized by the humanization of goals, diversification of the structure (private sector, new university specialties) and enrichment of the content; systematization at the beginning of the 21st century through standardization, technologization and integration of national traditions into the global educational space. Achievements (scale of coverage, state support, synthesis of innovations and traditions) and persistent challenges (regional inequality, commercialization) are identified. The scientific and practical significance of the Chinese experience for comparative pedagogy and the theory of management of educational systems is emphasized.