The effect of physical activity on the cognitive functions of the body

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of regular physical activity on the cognitive functions of students, taking into account the role of aerobic and strength training in improving memory, attention, and learning ability. The relevance is determined by the growing mental workload and the need for accessible non-pharmacological means of maintaining intellectual performance. The theoretical foundation is based on concepts of neuroplasticity, cerebral perfusion, and neuroendocrine regulation, according to which moderate exercise stimulates neurogenesis, increases BDNF levels, and optimizes stress responses, thereby enhancing resilience to mental load and improving productivity. The study involved 60 students aged 18-23, divided into two groups: A-engaging in physical activity at least three times a week, and B-without regular training. Methods included a questionnaire on activity level and self-assessment of memory, an attention test using the Schulte tables, and a short-term memory test involving word recall. Differences between groups were evaluated using standard significance criteria for behavioral data, with a threshold of p<0.05. The results showed statistically significant advantages for the active group in all indicators. The mean completion time for the Schulte tables was lower in group A (38.2 s) compared to group B (52.7 s), and the number of correctly recalled words was higher (12.4 vs. 9.1). Self-assessed concentration was also higher among active participants (8.3 points vs. 6.2), along with reduced subjective fatigue after mental effort. Overall, the active group demonstrated approximately 30% better performance in attention and memory tasks. The discussion confirms that regular moderate aerobic and strength training improve cognitive functions by enhancing cerebral perfusion, increasing neurotrophin levels, and reducing cortisol, thereby supporting neuroplasticity and executive functions. The practical significance lies in the recommendation to include 2-3 aerobic sessions and 1-2 strength sessions per week, with individualized intensity and recovery. For students and office workers, such a program increases stress resilience, information processing speed, and academic-professional productivity. The findings substantiate the integration of physical activity into educational and corporate practices as an accessible tool for cognitive prevention and efficiency enhancement. The positive effects persist under systematic training routines.