Цель статьи – рассмотреть ретроспективу и перспективу исследования проблемы функциональной грамотности в зарубежных источниках. Следуя типологии научных проблем, можно описать развитие точек зрения на понятие «функциональная грамотность» в XX–XXI веках. На первом этапе обсуждалась проблема существования функциональной грамотности как самостоятельного явления, на втором – дискуссии строились вокруг описания и классификации; на третьем этапе представлены разные подходы к рассмотрению функциональной грамотности; на четвертом этапе изучались закономерности развития функциональной грамотности, перспективы разработки. В настоящее время исследования носят прикладной характер; далее следует рефлексивный этап с обсуждением вопросов о достижении цели в науке и практике. Термин «функциональная грамотность» на ранних этапах применялся к взрослым и молодежи, часто – мигрантам и иностранным сотрудникам. В настоящее время ставится вопрос о формировании функциональной грамотности детей. Проблема значима в силу связи с экономикой, политикой, идеологией, социальной сферой. Обращение к зарубежным источникам важно в контексте глобализации и локализации.
The purpose of the article is to consider the retrospective and perspective of the study of the problem of functional literacy in foreign sources. Following the typology of scientific problems, the paper describes development of points of view on the concept of "functional literacy" in the XX–XXI centuries. At the first stage, the problem of the existence of functional literacy as phenomenon was discussed, at the second stage, discussions were built around description and classification; the third stage presents different approaches to the consideration of functional literacy; at the fourth stage, the patterns of development of functional literacy, development prospects were studied. Currently, research is of an applied nature; the investigation is followed by a reflexive stage with a discussion of the issues of achieving the goal in science and practice. The term “functional literacy” was early applied to adults and youth, often migrants and foreign employees. At present, the question of the formation of functional literacy of children is being raised. The problem is significant due to its connection with the economy, politics, ideology, and the social sphere. Turning to foreign sources is important in the context of globalization and localization.
The purpose of the article is to consider the retrospective and perspective of the study of the problem of functional literacy in foreign sources. Following the typology of scientific problems, the paper describes development of points of view on the concept of "functional literacy" in the XX–XXI centuries. At the first stage, the problem of the existence of functional literacy as phenomenon was discussed, at the second stage, discussions were built around description and classification; the third stage presents different approaches to the consideration of functional literacy; at the fourth stage, the patterns of development of functional literacy, development prospects were studied. Currently, research is of an applied nature; the investigation is followed by a reflexive stage with a discussion of the issues of achieving the goal in science and practice. The term “functional literacy” was early applied to adults and youth, often migrants and foreign employees. At present, the question of the formation of functional literacy of children is being raised. The problem is significant due to its connection with the economy, politics, ideology, and the social sphere. Turning to foreign sources is important in the context of globalization and localization.