This article examines the key competencies of a modern doctor – professional, communicative, and personal competencies – with the aim of optimizing existing educational programs in Russian as a foreign language for medical students. The information was obtained through a survey of participants in medical interaction: specialist degree students and interns studying Russian as a foreign language, heads of medical organizations, patients, and their families. The presented data support the conclusion that textbooks in Russian as a foreign language for medical students should include exercises aimed at developing communicative competence and personal qualities. This will facilitate the effective practice of medicine for international students in Russia, with the subsequent opportunity to combine traditional hospital appointments with the provision of medical services using telecommunication technologies.