This article examines in detail the process of intellectual development of first-graders in the framework of the study of mathematics. Special attention is paid to the relevance of this topic in modern society, due to the rapid pace of scientific and technological progress and the increasing role of intellectual competencies in the successful further education and personal growth of children. It is noted how important it is for younger students to develop analytical thinking, attention, logic and the ability to solve non-standard tasks from an early age, as these skills serve as a solid foundation for mastering more complex academic subjects in the future. The study presents an approximate thematic planning of the mathematics education program, which is aimed at the harmonious development of students' intellectual abilities. In addition, the article discusses the methods and techniques that are most effective for stimulating intellectual education: the use of didactic games, practical tasks, and group work, which contributes to the active involvement of children and the development of their cognitive interests.