Актуальность инновационных методов преподавания в формировании критического мышления у студентов вузов обусловлена необходимостью подготовки специалистов, способных эффективно решать нестандартные задачи в условиях динамично меняющегося мира. Несмотря на значительное число исследований по данной проблематике, многие вопросы остаются дискуссионными. Цель работы – выявить роль инновационных педагогических технологий в развитии критического мышления студентов. Задачи: 1) проанализировать современное состояние проблемы в научной литературе; 2) обосновать преимущества инновационных методов; 3) экспериментально доказать их эффективность. Методы. Использован комплекс взаимодополняющих методов: теоретический анализ литературы, моделирование образовательного процесса, педагогический эксперимент, тестирование, статистическая обработка данных. Экспериментальная работа проведена на репрезентативной выборке студентов (n=120). Обоснованность и достоверность результатов обеспечены методологически, использованием валидного инструментария, адекватностью методов целям и задачам. Установлено, что: 1) инновационные методы значимо эффективнее традиционных в развитии критического мышления (p<0.01); 2) наибольший эффект достигается при системном применении кейс-метода, ТРИЗ, методов развития творческого мышления; 3) эффективность инновационных технологий опосредована профессионализмом преподавателя и мотивацией студентов. Обсуждение. Полученные результаты вносят вклад в развитие теории и методики профессионального образования. Доказана приоритетная роль инновационных методов в формировании ключевой компетенции будущих специалистов - критического мышления. Практическая значимость состоит в возможности использовать апробированный комплекс методов в образовательной практике вузов. Перспективы исследования связаны с изучением индивидуально-психологических факторов эффективности инновационных технологий.
The relevance of innovative teaching methods in the formation of critical thinking among university students is due to the need to train specialists who are able to effectively solve non-standard tasks in a dynamically changing world. Despite a significant number of studies on this issue, many issues remain controversial. The purpose of the work is to identify the role of innovative pedagogical technologies in the development of students' critical thinking. Tasks: 1) to analyze the current state of the problem in the scientific literature; 2) to substantiate the advantages of innovative methods; 3) experimentally prove their effectiveness. Methods. A set of complementary methods was used: theoretical analysis of literature, modeling of the educational process, pedagogical experiment, testing, statistical data processing. The experimental work was carried out on a representative sample of students (n=120). The validity and reliability of the results are provided methodologically, using valid tools, and the adequacy of methods to goals and objectives. It is established that: 1) innovative methods are significantly more effective than traditional ones in the development of critical thinking (p<0.01); 2) the greatest effect is achieved with the systematic application of the case method, TRIZ, methods of developing creative thinking; 3) the effectiveness of innovative technologies is mediated by the professionalism of the teacher and the motivation of students. Discussion. The results obtained contribute to the development of the theory and methodology of vocational education. The priority role of innovative methods in the formation of the key competence of future specialists - critical thinking is proved. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using a proven set of methods in the educational practice of universities. The prospects of the study are related to the study of individual psychological factors of the effectiveness of innovative technologies.
The relevance of innovative teaching methods in the formation of critical thinking among university students is due to the need to train specialists who are able to effectively solve non-standard tasks in a dynamically changing world. Despite a significant number of studies on this issue, many issues remain controversial. The purpose of the work is to identify the role of innovative pedagogical technologies in the development of students' critical thinking. Tasks: 1) to analyze the current state of the problem in the scientific literature; 2) to substantiate the advantages of innovative methods; 3) experimentally prove their effectiveness. Methods. A set of complementary methods was used: theoretical analysis of literature, modeling of the educational process, pedagogical experiment, testing, statistical data processing. The experimental work was carried out on a representative sample of students (n=120). The validity and reliability of the results are provided methodologically, using valid tools, and the adequacy of methods to goals and objectives. It is established that: 1) innovative methods are significantly more effective than traditional ones in the development of critical thinking (p<0.01); 2) the greatest effect is achieved with the systematic application of the case method, TRIZ, methods of developing creative thinking; 3) the effectiveness of innovative technologies is mediated by the professionalism of the teacher and the motivation of students. Discussion. The results obtained contribute to the development of the theory and methodology of vocational education. The priority role of innovative methods in the formation of the key competence of future specialists - critical thinking is proved. The practical significance lies in the possibility of using a proven set of methods in the educational practice of universities. The prospects of the study are related to the study of individual psychological factors of the effectiveness of innovative technologies.