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      <journal-id journal-id-type="ojs">emr</journal-id>
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        <journal-title xml:lang="ru">&#x423;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C;: &#x442;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;</journal-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
          <trans-title>Education Management Review</trans-title>
        </trans-title-group>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">2311-2174</issn>
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        <publisher-name>&#x418;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x438;&#x432;&#x438;&#x434;&#x443;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x439; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x41F;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x437;&#x438;&#x43D; &#x41C;.&#x41C;.</publisher-name>
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    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">2206</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group xml:lang="ru_RU" subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>&#x41C;&#x415;&#x416;&#x414;&#x423;&#x41D;&#x410;&#x420;&#x41E;&#x414;&#x41D;&#x42B;&#x419; &#x41E;&#x41F;&#x42B;&#x422; &#x423;&#x41F;&#x420;&#x410;&#x412;&#x41B;&#x415;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x42F; &#x423;&#x427;&#x420;&#x415;&#x416;&#x414;&#x415;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x42F;&#x41C;&#x418; &#x41E;&#x411;&#x420;&#x410;&#x417;&#x41E;&#x412;&#x410;&#x41D;&#x418;&#x42F;</subject>
        </subj-group>
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      <title-group>
        <article-title xml:lang="en">The application of the functional equivalence theory in the translation of special education materials</article-title>
        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
          <trans-title>&#x41F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x444;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x432;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;</trans-title>
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      <contrib-group content-type="author">
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Chen</surname>
              <given-names>Qiang</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>&#x427;&#x44D;&#x43D;&#x44C;</surname>
              <given-names>&#x426;&#x44F;&#x43D;</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
          <email>chenqiang@ccu.edu.cn</email>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name-alternatives>
            <name name-style="western" specific-use="primary" xml:lang="en">
              <surname>Sun</surname>
              <given-names>Xiaoqi</given-names>
            </name>
            <name name-style="western" xml:lang="ru">
              <surname>&#x421;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x44C;</surname>
              <given-names>&#x421;&#x44F;&#x43E;&#x446;&#x438;</given-names>
            </name>
          </name-alternatives>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
          <email>3101502806@qq.com</email>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
        <aff xml:lang="en">
          <institution content-type="orgname">Changchun University</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff xml:lang="ru">
          <institution content-type="orgname">&#x427;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x447;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x44C;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x439; &#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x432;&#x435;&#x440;&#x441;&#x438;&#x442;&#x435;&#x442;</institution>
        </aff>
      </aff-alternatives>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="epub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>15</volume>
      <issue>4-1</issue>
      <fpage>305</fpage>
      <lpage>311</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-09-19">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-09-19">
          <day>19</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2025</year>
        </date>
      </history>
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        <copyright-statement>Copyright (c) 2025 &#x423;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C;: &#x442;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <copyright-holder>&#x423;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C;: &#x442;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;</copyright-holder>
        <license xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0">
          <license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.</license-p>
        </license>
        <license license-type="open-access" specific-use="metadata" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">
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      <self-uri xlink:href="https://emreview.ru/index.php/emr/article/view/2206"/>
      <self-uri xlink:href="https://emreview.ru/index.php/emr/article/download/2206/1856/3534" content-type="application/pdf"/>
      <abstract xml:lang="en">
        <p>With the acceleration of globalization, cross-cultural communication in the field of special education is becoming increasingly frequent, and the demand for translation of special education materials is also growing. The theory of functional equivalence provides important theoretical guidance for the translation of special education materials. This article explores the applicability of functional equivalence theory in the translation of special education materials, and analyzes how to achieve functional equivalence from the perspectives of vocabulary cognition, syntactic structure, original text understanding, cultural background, and reader response. At the same time, strategies have been proposed to improve the translation quality of special education materials, including enhancing cross-cultural awareness, optimizing translation methods, paying attention to translation details, and strengthening post translation evaluation. The aim of this study is to provide reference for the translation practice of special education materials and promote cross-cultural communication in the field of special education.</p>
      </abstract>
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        <p>&#x421; &#x443;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435;&#x43C; &#x433;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x432;&#x441;&#x435; &#x431;&#x43E;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x435; &#x447;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x439;, &#x438; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x43E;&#x441; &#x43D;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x436;&#x435; &#x440;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x435;&#x442;. &#x422;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x444;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x432;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x435;&#x442; &#x432;&#x430;&#x436;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x435;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x438;&#x435; &#x440;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x434;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;. &#x412; &#x44D;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C;&#x435; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x443;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x438; &#x444;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x432;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x435; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x430;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x438;&#x437;&#x438;&#x440;&#x443;&#x435;&#x442;&#x441;&#x44F;, &#x43A;&#x430;&#x43A; &#x434;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;&#x447;&#x44C; &#x444;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x446;&#x438;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x44D;&#x43A;&#x432;&#x438;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x441; &#x442;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x437;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43B;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x438;, &#x441;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x438;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x43A;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x443;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x44B;, &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43E;&#x440;&#x438;&#x433;&#x438;&#x43D;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x442;&#x435;&#x43A;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;, &#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x444;&#x43E;&#x43D;&#x430; &#x438; &#x440;&#x435;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x447;&#x438;&#x442;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44F;. &#x412; &#x442;&#x43E; &#x436;&#x435; &#x432;&#x440;&#x435;&#x43C;&#x44F; &#x431;&#x44B;&#x43B;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x436;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x44B; &#x441;&#x442;&#x440;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x433;&#x438;&#x438; &#x434;&#x43B;&#x44F; &#x443;&#x43B;&#x443;&#x447;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x43A;&#x430;&#x447;&#x435;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x430; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432;, &#x432;&#x43A;&#x43B;&#x44E;&#x447;&#x430;&#x44F; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x44B;&#x448;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43E;&#x441;&#x432;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438;, &#x43E;&#x43F;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x438;&#x437;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x44E; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x442;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;, &#x443;&#x434;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x432;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43C;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; &#x434;&#x435;&#x442;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44F;&#x43C; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; &#x438; &#x443;&#x441;&#x438;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x435; &#x43E;&#x446;&#x435;&#x43D;&#x43A;&#x438; &#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430;. &#x426;&#x435;&#x43B;&#x44C; &#x434;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x438;&#x441;&#x441;&#x43B;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F; - &#x43F;&#x440;&#x435;&#x434;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x442;&#x430;&#x432;&#x438;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x447;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x435; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44B; &#x43F;&#x43E; &#x43F;&#x440;&#x430;&#x43A;&#x442;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x435; &#x43F;&#x435;&#x440;&#x435;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x434;&#x430; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x443;&#x447;&#x435;&#x431;&#x43D;&#x44B;&#x445; &#x43C;&#x430;&#x442;&#x435;&#x440;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x43E;&#x432; &#x438; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x43E;&#x441;&#x43E;&#x431;&#x441;&#x442;&#x432;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x442;&#x44C; &#x43C;&#x435;&#x436;&#x43A;&#x443;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x442;&#x443;&#x440;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x439; &#x43A;&#x43E;&#x43C;&#x43C;&#x443;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x43A;&#x430;&#x446;&#x438;&#x438; &#x432; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x43B;&#x430;&#x441;&#x442;&#x438; &#x441;&#x43F;&#x435;&#x446;&#x438;&#x430;&#x43B;&#x44C;&#x43D;&#x43E;&#x433;&#x43E; &#x43E;&#x431;&#x440;&#x430;&#x437;&#x43E;&#x432;&#x430;&#x43D;&#x438;&#x44F;.</p>
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        <kwd>functional equivalence theory</kwd>
        <kwd>special education materials</kwd>
        <kwd>translation application</kwd>
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    <ref-list xml:lang="en">
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</article>
